Teucrium polium
Teucrium genus contains over 290 species and is one of the most important Lamiaceae (labiatae) family genera which widely distributed mainly in Europe, North Africa and in the temperate parts of Asia mainly in the Mediterranean region.
Teucrium species mostly observed as perennial and infrequently annual. The members of the genus are shrubs, subshrubs, woody at base, and rarely herbaceous. Teucrium species leaves are opposite, petiolate, sessile or subsessile, simple, with entire or toothed margin, lobed or pinnatifid. Small capitula, with racemouse, paniculate or capitate inflorescence[1].
Teucrium polium has terminal and corymbose inflorescences with bisexual flower; white or reddish–white corolla, racemose or head–like, flowers arranged in axillary verticillate cymes or terminal racemes with a dense spherical to ovate shape. linear-spatulate bracts (shorter than flowers 12–15 mm in diameter), calyx is 5-lobed tubular-campanulate (4 mm). Leaves are sessile and simple, oblong-linear, spatulate, crenate margin and obtuse apex, opposite blade, shorter than flowers (10–15 mm long, 3–5 mm wide), crenulated at least in upper half, strongly revolute.
Teucrium polium It is used traditionally for treating abdominal pain, indigestion, common cold, diabetes, and urogenital diseases also for hypolipidemia, nociceptive and anti-inflammatory conditions[2].
Teucrium genus contains different classes of natural compounds such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, fatty acid esters, diterpenes, flavonoids and polyphenolics[3].
Teucrium polium main components of the essential oil was completely dependent on the geographical features. Based on these local details several categories were characterized. Balkanian category has the highest content of germacrene D (15.0%) and a relatively high content of β-caryophyllene (5.1–6.9%), δ-cadinene (3.6–4.5%) and γ-cadinene (3.6–4.1%) while North African type exhibited high content of β-pinene (20-30 %), germacrene D (up to 15.0 %) and α-pinene (5-10 %). In Mediterranean type trans- caryophyllene (up to 30 %), limonene (up to 30%) and germacrene D (up to 15.0 %) constitute main compositions of essential oil[4-7].
**This content is for informational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the place of such advice or treatment from a personal physician.
Chemical composition (%) some of Teucrium polium essential oil from Mediterranean, north Africa, Europe, and west Asia.
|
|
Mediterranean |
Iran |
Balkan Peninsula |
Algerian |
|
α-Pinene |
9-18 |
up to 8 |
5-10 |
5-10 |
|
β-Pinene |
10-25 |
up to 4 |
up to 10 |
up to 30 |
|
trans-Caryophyllene |
5-35 |
1-3 |
5-8 |
- |
|
Limonene |
5-25 |
2-5 |
5 |
5-7 |
|
Δ-Cadinene |
up to 4 |
up to 9 |
1-2 |
trace |
|
1,6-Germacradien-5-ol |
- |
up to 15 |
- |
- |
|
α-Cadinol |
- |
10-15 |
trace |
up to 10 |
|
Germacrene D |
6-20 |
1-2 |
15-17 |
15-17 |
Applications and Benefits in Various Industries:
1- Pharmaceutical Industry
Teucrium polium essential oil is highly valued in the pharmaceutical industry due to its broad spectrum of medicinal properties. The oil contains bioactive compounds such as α-pinene, β-pinene, caryophyllene, linalool, and spathulenol, which exhibit strong antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. Its antimicrobial properties make it effective against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, contributing to its use in topical treatments for skin infections and wound healing. Its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects support its use in treating arthritis, muscle pain, and inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of Teucrium polium essential oil helps protect cells from oxidative stress, which is linked to aging and chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Some studies have also indicated potential anticancer properties, making it a promising candidate for further research in oncology.
2- Cosmetic and Personal Care Industry
The pleasant woody, floral, and earthy aroma of Teucrium polium essential oil makes it a valuable ingredient in perfumes, body sprays, and skincare products. Its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties make it suitable for use in acne treatments, anti-aging creams, and moisturizers designed to soothe irritated skin and reduce redness. The presence of linalool and β-myrcene contributes to its calming and relaxing effect, making it a popular addition to aromatherapy oils and stress-relief products. The oil's ability to promote skin healing and reduce inflammation also makes it beneficial in after-sun lotions and wound-care products. Its natural insect-repelling properties further increase its utility in personal care formulations such as insect-repellent sprays and creams.
3- Food and Beverage Industry
Due to its distinctive flavor profile, Teucrium polium essential oil is used as a natural flavoring agent in the food and beverage industry. Its earthy, herbal, and slightly floral taste makes it suitable for seasoning sauces, soups, and herbal teas. The oil’s antimicrobial properties help to preserve food products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi, extending shelf life naturally. The presence of caryophyllene and α-pinene contributes to its antioxidant properties, which can help prevent the oxidation of fats and oils in food products. Some herbal teas and dietary supplements also contain Teucrium polium extracts for their digestive and therapeutic benefits, including relief from indigestion, bloating, and gastrointestinal discomfort.
4- Aromatherapy and Wellness Industry
The calming and relaxing properties of Teucrium polium essential oil, particularly due to the presence of linalool and β-myrcene, make it widely used in the aromatherapy and wellness industry. The oil is included in massage oils, bath products, and diffusers to reduce stress, anxiety, and muscle tension. Its sedative effects support improved sleep quality and relaxation, making it a popular ingredient in sleep aids and relaxation sprays. Inhalation of Teucrium polium essential oil is believed to enhance mood and mental clarity, supporting its use in mental health and cognitive wellness products.
5- Agriculture and Pest Control
The insect-repelling properties of Teucrium polium essential oil, particularly due to the presence of α-pinene and β-pinene, make it valuable in the agriculture and pest control industries. It is used as a natural alternative to chemical pesticides to protect crops from pests and insects without harming beneficial pollinators. Its antifungal and antibacterial activity also helps protect plants from common fungal and bacterial infections. Natural insect-repellent products, including sprays and candles, also incorporate Teucrium polium essential oil to ward off mosquitoes and other pests.
6- Veterinary Medicine
In veterinary medicine, Teucrium polium essential oil is used for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in treating skin infections, wound healing, and digestive issues in animals. Its natural insect-repelling properties make it useful in protecting livestock from flies and other pests. The oil’s calming effects are also explored for managing anxiety and stress in animals.
7- Cleaning and Household Products
Due to its strong antimicrobial and antifungal properties, Teucrium polium essential oil is included in eco-friendly cleaning products such as disinfectant sprays, surface cleaners, and air fresheners. Its ability to neutralize odors and its natural insect-repelling properties make it a popular ingredient in household cleaning formulations. Its earthy and herbal aroma adds a refreshing scent to cleaning products while enhancing their antimicrobial effectiveness.
References
1- I. C. Hedge, Advances in Labiatae science 1992, 7.
2- S. Bahramikia, P. H. H. Gavyar and R. Yazdanparast, Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 2022, 12, 224.
3- S. Abdul Azim S, E. Hamzeh H and S. Ungve H, 1987.
4- G. Catinella, N. Badalamenti, V. Ilardi, S. Rosselli, L. De Martino and M. Bruno, Molecules 2021, 26, 643.
5- S. Chabane, A. Boudjelal, E. Napoli, A. Benkhaled and G. Ruberto, Journal of essential oil research 2021, 33, 143.
6- H. Sadeghi, S. Jamalpoor and M. H. Shirzadi, Industrial crops and Products 2014, 54, 130.
7- V. Mitić, O. Jovanović, V. Stankov-Jovanović, B. Zlatkovic and G. Stojanovic, Natural Product Communications 2012, 7, 1934578X1200700129.
